/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
CppAD: C++ Algorithmic Differentiation: Copyright (C) 2003-17 Bradley M. Bell

CppAD is distributed under multiple licenses. This distribution is under
the terms of the
                    Eclipse Public License Version 1.0.

A copy of this license is included in the COPYING file of this distribution.
Please visit http://www.coin-or.org/CppAD/ for information on other licenses.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/*
$begin ode_stiff.cpp$$
$spell
	Rosen
$$

$section A Stiff Ode: Example and Test$$
$mindex ode$$


Define
$latex x : \B{R} \rightarrow \B{R}^2$$ by
$latex \[
\begin{array}{rcl}
	x_0 (0)        & = & 1 \\
	x_1 (0)        & = & 0 \\
	x_0^\prime (t) & = & - a_0 x_0 (t) \\
	x_1^\prime (t) & = & + a_0 x_0 (t) - a_1 x_1 (t)
\end{array}
\] $$
If $latex a_0 \gg a_1 > 0$$, this is a stiff Ode and
the analytic solution is
$latex \[
\begin{array}{rcl}
x_0 (t)    & = & \exp( - a_0 t ) \\
x_1 (t)    & = & a_0 [ \exp( - a_1 t ) - \exp( - a_0 t ) ] / ( a_0 - a_1 )
\end{array}
\] $$
The example tests Rosen34 using the relations above:

$code
$srcfile%example/general/ode_stiff.cpp%0%// BEGIN C++%// END C++%1%$$
$$

$end
*/
// BEGIN C++

# include <cppad/cppad.hpp>

// To print the comparision, change the 0 to 1 on the next line.
# define CPPAD_ODE_STIFF_PRINT 0

namespace {
	// --------------------------------------------------------------
	class Fun {
	private:
		CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) a;
	public:
		// constructor
		Fun(const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double)& a_) : a(a_)
		{ }
		// compute f(t, x)
		void Ode(
			const double                    &t,
			const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &x,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double)       &f)
		{	f[0]  = - a[0] * x[0];
			f[1]  = + a[0] * x[0] - a[1] * x[1];
		}
		// compute partial of f(t, x) w.r.t. t
		void Ode_ind(
			const double                    &t,
			const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &x,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double)       &f_t)
		{	f_t[0] = 0.;
			f_t[1] = 0.;
		}
		// compute partial of f(t, x) w.r.t. x
		void Ode_dep(
			const double                    &t,
			const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &x,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double)       &f_x)
		{	f_x[0] = -a[0];
			f_x[1] = 0.;
			f_x[2] = +a[0];
			f_x[3] = -a[1];
		}
	};
	// --------------------------------------------------------------
	class RungeMethod {
	private:
		Fun F;
	public:
		// constructor
		RungeMethod(const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &a_) : F(a_)
		{ }
		void step(
			double                     ta ,
			double                     tb ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &xa ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &xb ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &eb )
		{	xb = CppAD::Runge45(F, 1, ta, tb, xa, eb);
		}
		size_t order(void)
		{	return 5; }
	};
	class RosenMethod {
	private:
		Fun F;
	public:
		// constructor
		RosenMethod(const CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &a_) : F(a_)
		{ }
		void step(
			double                     ta ,
			double                     tb ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &xa ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &xb ,
			CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) &eb )
		{	xb = CppAD::Rosen34(F, 1, ta, tb, xa, eb);
		}
		size_t order(void)
		{	return 4; }
	};
}

bool OdeStiff(void)
{	bool ok = true;     // initial return value

	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) a(2);
	a[0] = 1e3;
	a[1] = 1.;
	RosenMethod rosen(a);
	RungeMethod runge(a);
	Fun          gear(a);

	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) xi(2);
	xi[0] = 1.;
	xi[1] = 0.;

	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) eabs(2);
	eabs[0] = 1e-6;
	eabs[1] = 1e-6;

	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) ef(2);
	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) xf(2);
	CPPAD_TESTVECTOR(double) maxabs(2);
	size_t                nstep;

	size_t k;
	for(k = 0; k < 3; k++)
	{
		size_t M    = 5;
		double ti   = 0.;
		double tf   = 1.;
		double smin = 1e-7;
		double sini = 1e-7;
		double smax = 1.;
		double scur = .5;
		double erel = 0.;

		if( k == 0 )
		{	xf = CppAD::OdeErrControl(rosen, ti, tf,
			xi, smin, smax, scur, eabs, erel, ef, maxabs, nstep);
		}
		else if( k == 1 )
		{	xf = CppAD::OdeErrControl(runge, ti, tf,
			xi, smin, smax, scur, eabs, erel, ef, maxabs, nstep);
		}
		else if( k == 2 )
		{	xf = CppAD::OdeGearControl(gear, M, ti, tf,
			xi, smin, smax, sini, eabs, erel, ef, maxabs, nstep);
		}
		double x0 = exp(-a[0]*tf);
		ok &= CppAD::NearEqual(x0, xf[0], 0., eabs[0]);
		ok &= CppAD::NearEqual(0., ef[0], 0., eabs[0]);

		double x1 = a[0] *
			(exp(-a[1]*tf) - exp(-a[0]*tf))/(a[0] - a[1]);
		ok &= CppAD::NearEqual(x1, xf[1], 0., eabs[1]);
		ok &= CppAD::NearEqual(0., ef[1], 0., eabs[0]);
# if CPPAD_ODE_STIFF_PRINT
		const char* method[]={ "Rosen34", "Runge45", "Gear5" };
		std::cout << std::endl;
		std::cout << "method     = " << method[k] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "nstep      = " << nstep  << std::endl;
		std::cout << "x0         = " << x0 << std::endl;
		std::cout << "xf[0]      = " << xf[0] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "x0 - xf[0] = " << x0 - xf[0] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "ef[0]      = " << ef[0] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "x1         = " << x1 << std::endl;
		std::cout << "xf[1]      = " << xf[1] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "x1 - xf[1] = " << x1 - xf[1] << std::endl;
		std::cout << "ef[1]      = " << ef[1] << std::endl;
# endif
	}

	return ok;
}

// END C++
